Washington state’s wood products industry has played an integral role in shaping its economy, culture, and local history. The story of timber in the region began as early as 1788 when English Captain John Meares, during his voyage to China, attempted to deliver Puget Sound spars. Despite a fierce storm that caused him to abandon the shipment mid-Pacific, it marked the beginning of what would become a major industry. Over time, this timber industry flourished, becoming an economic powerhouse and a symbol of the region’s natural resources and craftsmanship.
Early Beginnings of Washington’s Timber Industry
The first instances of timber being used for commercial purposes occurred during the fur trade era, with wood being processed for construction purposes. In 1825, William Cannon, who was a millwright from Vancouver in Washington, began whipsawing logs into boards. This was a pivotal moment, marking the beginning of timber processing in the region. The Hudson’s Bay Company, based in Fort Vancouver, exchanged shaved shingles and shakes from American settlers for supplies, further fueling the demand for wood products.
By the mid-1800s, the timber industry began to grow at an even faster rate. The first “permanent” mill on Puget Sound was built in Tumwater, Washington, by Michael T. Simmons, who ingeniously repurposed machinery from Fort Vancouver’s old mill to create his own. This entrepreneurial spirit laid the foundation for the region’s timber industry to thrive.
Timber in the Seattle Area and Expansion Across the Region
Seattle’s early settlers, including Arthur Denny, co-founder of the city, quickly recognized the potential of the vast forests surrounding them. In 1852, the Alki settlement, near present-day Seattle, sent a shipment of pilings to San Francisco. To transport these logs, oxen were borrowed from nearby Puyallup Valley farmers. This venture not only highlighted the region’s timber wealth but also showcased its emerging role in global trade.
Mills began springing up throughout the region, including at Whatcom Creek (now Bellingham) and in Tacoma. While these mills greatly contributed to the region’s growth, some had early production flaws. The Tacoma mill, for example, was infamous for producing boards with a tapering end, a flaw that posed challenges for users. Despite such issues, the timber industry continued to flourish, with fourteen sawmills operating on Puget Sound by 1853. Most of these mills were powered by nearby streams and rivers, a vital resource that sustained the growing industry.
The Rise of Seattle’s Timber Industry
Seattle’s Henry Yesler was a pivotal figure in the region’s timber industry. In 1853, Yesler completed his sawmill on the central waterfront. His mill became the backbone of Seattle’s timber operations, and the steep hill behind it, which logs were skidded down to reach the mill, gave rise to the term “Skid Road.” This iconic site is now part of Seattle’s historical legacy, as it symbolizes the city’s humble beginnings tied to the wood products industry.
By 1866, Washington’s timber reached international recognition when loggers sent a 150-foot-tall flagstaff to the Paris Exposition. Though overshadowed by the Eiffel Tower, this symbolic gesture helped cement the region’s reputation for its abundant natural resources. The state’s growing prominence in the timber industry was further evident by 1880, when the lumber industry employed over 1,600 individuals and contributed more than half of Washington Territory’s manufacturing value.
Technological Advancements and the Golden Age of Lumber
The late 19th century brought significant advancements in transportation and technology. The introduction of the railroad allowed for the faster movement of timber, and the “donkey engine,” a steam-powered piece of equipment, revolutionized logging practices. This era saw capital investment pouring into the region from the Midwest, including the prominent Weyerhaeuser family, which would go on to play a critical role in Washington’s timber legacy. By 1900, Washington was ranked as the fifth-largest lumber producer in the United States.
Timber’s Continued Influence on Washington’s Economy
Despite fluctuating economic conditions and efforts to conserve remaining forests, Washington’s wood products industry remains a vital component of its economy. The demand for timber products, whether for construction, paper manufacturing, or other purposes, continues to drive local economies. While the industry has evolved, it still reflects the resilience and ingenuity of its early pioneers.
Over the years, Washington has made significant strides in balancing timber production with conservation efforts. However, the impact of the industry remains clear in the state’s identity and economy. From early logging efforts to modern-day timber practices, Washington’s wood products story is a testament to both the natural beauty and industrious spirit of the Pacific Northwest.
Key Milestones in Washington’s Timber Industry History
- 1788: Captain John Meares attempts to deliver Puget Sound spars to China, marking the beginning of Washington’s timber trade.
- 1825: William Cannon whipsaws logs into boards, starting timber processing in Washington.
- 1852: The Alki settlement ships pilings to San Francisco, marking Seattle’s first significant timber export.
- 1853: Henry Yesler completes Seattle’s first sawmill, leading to the term “Skid Road.”
- 1866: Washington loggers send a 150-foot flagstaff to the Paris Exposition.
- 1880: The lumber industry employs over 1,600 individuals and makes up 57% of Washington Territory’s manufacturing value.
- 1900: Washington ranks 5th in the U.S. for lumber production.
Conclusion
The wood products industry in Washington state has a rich and fascinating history, deeply intertwined with the region’s growth and development. From the early days of fur-trading posts to the rise of powerful timber companies, the state’s timber industry has been a defining feature of its economy. As Washington continues to balance industry with sustainability, its timber heritage remains a source of pride and an important part of its future.