Old-growth forests in British Columbia are more than just ancient natural landmarks — they’re essential environmental systems that deliver significant economic value. These forests quietly perform services that benefit both the environment and the economy, from carbon storage to water purification and eco-tourism. When properly valued, these services are worth billions of dollars to the province.
Carbon Storage: A Massive Natural Asset
British Columbia’s old-growth forests act as powerful carbon sinks, capturing and storing enormous amounts of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. A single hectare of mature forest can store hundreds of tons of carbon, making these ecosystems critical for reducing greenhouse gases.
When applying the current carbon market rate of around $95 per ton in British Columbia, the economic value of carbon stored in these forests is substantial. With hundreds of thousands of hectares of remaining old-growth, the total carbon storage value can be estimated at over $50 billion. This natural climate service plays a direct role in helping reduce the effects of climate change while delivering real financial benefits to society.
Natural Water and Air Filtration
In addition to carbon storage, old-growth forests purify air and water naturally. Trees absorb pollutants and fine particles, improving air quality, while their complex root systems stabilize soil, reduce runoff, and maintain clean, reliable water supplies for nearby communities.
Globally, forests save billions of dollars annually by reducing the need for costly water treatment infrastructure. In British Columbia, the natural filtration provided by forested watersheds offers a valuable economic benefit, helping municipalities and industries avoid major infrastructure investments and associated operating costs. The combined value of clean air and water services from these ecosystems contributes billions more each year to the provincial economy.
Tourism and Biodiversity Contributions
Beyond environmental services, old-growth forests support biodiversity and attract tourists from around the world. Visitors travel to experience these ancient landscapes, contributing to local economies through nature-based tourism, recreational activities, and outdoor experiences.
Tourism related to natural areas generates over $3 billion annually in British Columbia, with a significant portion of that tied to the unique experience of visiting ancient forests. These forests not only support recreation and tourism businesses but also sustain valuable plant and wildlife populations that play vital ecological and economic roles.
Long-Term Financial Value
While logging delivers immediate, one-time profits, the long-term financial value of maintaining old-growth forests often exceeds the short-term gains. When accounting for carbon storage, water purification, biodiversity, tourism, and air quality, the total lifetime value of these services is estimated to exceed $100 billion.
Their value comes from a wide range of services, including:
- Carbon storage that reduces greenhouse gas impacts
- Natural air and water filtration for communities and industries
- Habitat for biodiversity and ecological stability
- Tourism and recreation opportunities that drive local economies
- Reduced public health costs through cleaner environments
Conclusion
British Columbia’s old-growth forests deliver far-reaching environmental and economic benefits. From storing carbon worth tens of billions of dollars to providing clean water, fresh air, and valuable tourism opportunities, these forests serve as natural infrastructure with lasting value. Recognizing and incorporating these economic contributions into land use decisions ensures balanced, future-focused planning that benefits both people and the planet.
Learn More
To explore how forests contribute to climate stability, environmental services, and economic well-being around the world, you can also visit the World Resources Institute’s Why Forests Matter page.