Explore Moon Trees: NASA’s Lunar Legacy

We humans love to connect and commemorate through trees. It seems our biggest fear is for one of us, or our one of our experiences to be forgotten. Since trees are one of the longest living testaments to time, they mark new beginnings or stand as testaments to events.

As part of the Apollo 14 mission (January 31, 1971–February 9, 1971), 500 seeds from five species of trees (loblolly pine, sycamore, sweetgum, redwood, and Douglas fir) were sent into space! The Moon Tree concept was the idea of Ed Cliff, chief of the Forest Service. Stan Krugman of the Forest Service selected the species and seeds for the experiment.

The Moon Trees were meant to serve as living symbols of the space program and a testament to the resilience and adaptability of life. They also served as a way to engage the public and generate interest in science and space exploration.

Where are they now? Did they reach the goal more than 30 years later?

Moon Trees: The Backstory

The Moon Tree Program is a project initiated by NASA in the 1970s during the Apollo era. The program aimed to grow trees from seeds that have been taken to space and then planted on Earth as a symbol of the connection between space exploration and the environment.

When astronauts embarked on missions to the moon, they carried tree seeds along as part of their experiments. These seeds experienced the harsh conditions of outer space, enduring zero gravity and exposure to cosmic radiation.

In the original Apollo 14 mission, seeds from loblolly pine, American sycamore, sweet gum, Douglas-fir, and coast redwood were taken to the Moon and then returned to Earth. These seeds were subsequently germinated and planted, resulting in “Moon Trees” that have grown in various locations around the world.

NASA has revived the Moon Tree Program and has sent 1000 seeds from five species (loblolly pine, American sycamore, sweet gum, Douglas-fir, and giant sequoia) aboard the Artemis I Mission (November 16–December 11, 2022). Four of the five species are the same as from the Apollo 14 Mission, with coast redwood being replaced by giant sequoia on the Artemis I Mission.

With the revival of the Moon Tree Program, NASA has chosen to send seeds from the giant sequoia which replaces coast redwood, likely due to availability or specific scientific goals. These seeds are exposed to the lunar environment during the mission and then brought back to Earth for germination and planting.

Collaboration between NASA and the US Forest Service

As part of their mission to explore new frontiers, NASA conducted experiments involving tree seeds during lunar missions. These seeds were then returned to Earth for further study.

This collaborative effort holds great importance for environmental conservation. By studying how these moon trees thrive on Earth, scientists can gain insights into enhancing reforestation efforts and preserving biodiversity.

Returning Moon Tree Seeds to Earth

The Forest Service joined forces in a unique collaboration with NASA and followed through with the experiments. After their journey to space, some tree seeds were brought back.

Back to earth, scientists eagerly began studying these moon tree seeds alongside their terrestrial counterparts. By comparing the growth patterns and characteristics of both sets of seeds, researchers gained valuable knowledge about the impact of space travel on plant biology.

They compared:

1. Growth: By planting both the moon tree seeds and regular terrestrial ones in controlled environments, scientists observed any differences in growth rates and overall development between the two groups.
2. Genetic Analysis: Researchers conducted genetic analyses on the moon tree seeds to identify any alterations caused by exposure to cosmic radiation or other space-related factors.
3. Adaptation Mechanisms: The study also focused on understanding how plants adapt to extreme conditions encountered during space travel by examining changes at a molecular level within the moon tree seedlings.

Examples of “Moon Trees” from left to right, a sycamore in Atchinson, Kansas; a sycamore in Greenbelt, Maryland; a sycamore in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania; and a redwood in Monterey, California. Image credit: NASA

Distribution of Moon Tree Seedlings

Once germinated, the Moon Tree seedlings were distributed across various locations in the United States. Each state received at least one seedling for planting purposes. This widespread distribution ensures that people from different regions can experience these unique trees.

The distribution of Moon Tree seedlings allowed for their presence in multiple locations throughout the country. Seedlings were carefully allocated to ensure that each state had the opportunity to plant and nurture a Moon Tree.

The distribution process aimed to make these extraordinary trees accessible to as many people as possible. It fostered a sense of connection and wonder among individuals from all walks of life, regardless of their geographical location.

The Roosa Redwood

One Moon Tree that stands out is the Roosa Redwood. In 1971, astronaut Stuart Roosa took some tree seeds with him on a journey to the moon. The Roosa Redwood is one of those trees that sprouted from those very same moon seeds. It’s like having a little piece of outer space right here on our planet.

Stuart Roosa holding the canister containing the tree seeds / Michael Collins’ PPK at NASM

One Moon Tree that stands out is the Roosa Redwood. In 1971, astronaut Stuart Roosa took some tree seeds with him on a journey to the moon. The Roosa Redwood is one of those trees that sprouted from those very same moon seeds. It’s like having a little piece of outer space right here on our planet.

The Roosa Redwood, also known as the Moon Tree, is a unique and fascinating specimen. It carries a remarkable story that connects it to the Apollo 14 mission and the vastness of space.

During the Apollo 14 mission in 1971, Stuart Roosa, a former U.S. Forest Service smokejumper and astronaut, was part of the three-man crew that traveled to the moon. As a tribute to his previous career, Roosa carried a small canister containing hundreds of tree seeds in his personal kit during the mission. The seeds he carried traveled 238,000 miles to the moon and back.

The Roosa Redwood, a coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), was planted in Washington Square Park in Philadelphia in 1975. The Roosa Redwood has grown into a magnificent tree, reaching heights of over 100 feet.

Availability of Moon Tree Seedlings to the Public

In the interest of spreading the missions goals, NASA and the Forest Service made some first gen and second gen moon tree seeds available to the public.

Nurseries and growers were able to produce second generation seeds from the original seeds, saplings and/or grafts. If you would like to own a piece of space history. certain nurseries sell them. Availability depends on demand and location, so it may vary from one nursery to another.

Did you know that second generation moon trees are called “half-moon” trees? They have been planted from seeds or cuttings from an original Moon Tree and are thriving as well.

Moon Tree Foundation and US Forest Service Initiatives

The Moon Tree Foundation, in collaboration with the US Forest Service, is actively involved in promoting the preservation and planting of Moon Trees. As part of their quest to preserve these unique trees, they have partnered with Globe Observer to gather data on the health and growth of Moon Trees.

The US Forest Service has been instrumental in supporting initiatives related to tree height observations. They provide expertise and resources to ensure the proper care and maintenance of Moon Trees across different forest regions.

Importance of Moon Trees in Education and Research

Researchers study Moon Trees to understand the effects of space travel on plant growth. This research helps scientists uncover valuable insights into how plants adapt to extreme conditions encountered during space missions.

Moon Trees serve as living examples for teaching about space exploration, biology, and environmental science. These trees provide a tangible connection between science, nature, and human exploration.

Moon Trees offer a unique opportunity for universities to incorporate hands-on learning experiences into their curriculum. By studying these trees, students can explore topics such as carbon sequestration, photosynthesis, and the interdependence between plants and their environment.

Reflecting on the Impact and Future of Moon Trees

But what does the future hold for moon trees? Will they continue to captivate us with their ethereal beauty? The answer lies in your hands.

By supporting initiatives like the Moon Tree Foundation and engaging with educational programs centered around moon trees, you can contribute to their preservation and promote scientific curiosity. Together, we can nurture a love for nature and space exploration, inspiring young minds to reach for the stars.

FAQs

How can I get a moon tree seedling?

Moon tree seedlings are not widely available for purchase due to limited supply. However, you may be able to find them through specialized nurseries or botanical gardens that participate in conservation programs.

Can I grow a moon tree from seeds?

Yes, it is possible to grow a moon tree from seeds if you have access to authentic seeds from one of the original moon trees.

Are there any benefits of having a moon tree?

Having a moon tree can serve as a symbol of humanity’s achievements in space exploration and environmental conservation. These unique trees can spark conversations and inspire curiosity among friends, family, and visitors. By owning a moon tree, you become part of a small community that appreciates the intersection of science, nature, and history.

Can I visit one of the original moon trees?

Yes, some of the original moon trees can be visited at various locations across the United States. For example, there are moon trees at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida and the U.S. Space & Rocket Center in Alabama. Check with these institutions or other space-related museums to see if they have a moon tree on display.

How long does it take for a moon tree to grow?

The growth rate of a moon tree is similar to its Earth-bound counterparts. Depending on the species and environmental conditions, it may take several years for a moon tree to reach maturity. However, even as young saplings, these trees carry with them a unique story that spans beyond our planet’s atmosphere.

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Here are some locations, planting dates, and species

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Location	Type of Tree	Planting Date
Birmingham Botanical Gardens	Sycamore	25 February 1976
State Capitol	Loblolly Pine	19 April 1976
Pioneer Museum of Alabama	Loblolly Pine	5 August 1976
Ivy Green	Loblolly Pine	19 October 1976
VA Medical Center	Loblolly Pine	1976
University of Arizona	Sycamore	30 April 1976
Sebastian County Courthouse	Loblolly Pine	15 March 1976
Old Washington Historic State Park	Loblolly Pine	15 March 1976
Humboldt State University	3 Redwoods	1976
Tilden Nature Area	2 Redwoods	26 July 1976
Lockeford Plant Materials Center	Redwood	1979
Friendly Plaza	Redwood	27 July 1976
Capitol Park	Redwood	April 1976
Mission Plaza	Redwood	30 July 1976
University of Florida	Sycamore	c. 1977
Keystone Heights Library	Sycamore	1984
Forest Capital State Park	Loblolly Pine	29 April 1978
Cascades Park	Sycamore
Doyle Conner Center	Loblolly Pine	1976
Clarke County Planning Dept.	Loblolly Pine	May 1976
Okefenokee RESA	Loblolly Pine
Lowell Elementary School	Loblolly Pine	1977
Camp Koch Girl Scout Camp	Sycamore	1976
Indiana Statehouse	Sycamore	9 April 1976
Lincoln State Park	Sycamore	1 May 1976
Forest Service Office	2 Sweetgums	1976
International Forest of Friendship	Sycamore	24 July 1976
Palustris Experimental Forest	Loblolly Pine	April 1976
Society of American Foresters	Loblolly Pine	30 September 1975
Goddard Space Flight Center	Sycamore	9 June 1977
Holliston Police Station	Sycamore	April 1976
Fernwood Botanical Gardens	Sycamore	23 April 1976
Private Residence	Sycamore	1974-75
Mississippi State University	Sycamore	1975
Forestry Commission Nursery	Sycamore
Camp Iti Kana	Sycamore	April/May 1974
Walther Park	Sycamore
State Capitol Building	Douglas Fir	22 July 1976
Gough Park	Sycamore	15 August 1976
Botanical Gardens at Asheville	Sycamore	19 March 1976
Haywood Community College	Sycamore	1976
Cradle of Forestry	Sycamore	March 1976
Friendship Park	Sycamore	29 July 1976
Oregon State University	Douglas Fir	Spring, 1976
University of Oregon	Douglas Fir	1976
U.S. Veteran’s Hospital	Douglas Fir	3 May 1976
State Capitol Building	Douglas Fir	30 April 1976
Private Residence	2 Douglas Firs	1973
Coudersport Area Recreational Park	Sycamore	Late 1970’s
Dillsburg Elementary School	Sycamore	29 April 1983
Cambria County Courthouse	Sycamore	29 June 1976
Highland Hall	Sycamore	5 May 1976
Lockheed Martin	Sycamore	30 June 1976
Core Creek Park	Sycamore	30 April 1976
Topton Mini Museum	Sycamore	20 June 1976
University of Tennessee	Loblolly Pine	April 1976
University of the South	Sycamore	April 1976
Private Residence	Sycamore	1978
Lone Peak Conservation Center	Sycamore	1976
River Ridge Campground	Sycamore	Unknown
Kings Dominion Amusement Park	Sycamore	1976?
Patrick Elementary School	Sycamore	30 April 1976
Scott Jenkins Memorial Park	Sweetgum	September 1978
State Capitol Building	Douglas Fir	April 1976
International
IBAMA Institute	Sweetgum	14 January 1980
Praça Central São José	Redwood	26 September 1982
Santa Rosa	Redwood	18 August 1981
Chateau Lafayette	Sycamore status unknown	1976
Status Unknown
Technology & Development Center	Giant Sequoia?	29 March 1977
Georgia Forestry Center	Loblolly Pine status unknown	1976
Idaho State University	Douglas Fir status unknown	18 May 1976
State Capitol	Sycamore status unknown	29 April 1976
State Capitol	Sycamore ? status unknown	30 April 1976
Tawes Garden	Sycamore status unknown	Unknown
University of Southern Mississippi?	Status Unknown	1976
University of Montana	Douglas Fir Status Unknown	17 July 1976
Monmouth County Courthouse	Sycamore Status Unknown
D.L. Phipps State Forest Nursery	Douglas Fir status unknown
Western Forestry Center	Douglas Fir Status Unknown	25 May 1976
Cameron County Courthouse	Sycamore? Status Unknown	15 May 1976
No Longer Alive
G.W. Andrews Forestry Sciences Lab	Loblolly Pine *, Sycamore *	22 October 1976
U.S. Space and Rocket Center	5 Sycamores *, 2 Pines *	29 October 1976
Flagstaff Jr. High School	Douglas Fir *	30 April 1976
Forestry Commission Headquarters	Loblolly Pine *	15 March 1976
University of Arkansas at Monticello	Loblolly Pine *	1977?
St. Stephen’s Lutheran Church	Redwood *	1976
Kennedy Space Center	Sycamore *	25 June 1976
University of Florida	2 Loblolly Pines *	c. 1977
State Capitol	Douglas fir *	7 May 1976
University of Idaho	Sycamore *
New Orleans River Walk	Loblolly Pine *	June 1983
NASA Michoud Assembly Facility	Loblolly Pine (2?) *	July 1976
Historical Society	Sycamore *	April 1976
Dahlem Environmental Education Center	Sycamore *	22 April 1976
State Capitol	Sycamore *	22 April 1976
Wyoming Police Station	Sycamore *	23 April 1976
International Space Hall of Fame	Sycamore *	5 October 1976
Civic Plaza	Douglas Fir *	7 April 1976
Smokey Bear State Park	Sycamore *	15 May 1976
District 4 Headquarters	Sycamore *	20 July 1976
City Nursery	Sycamore *	1976
Siskiyou Smoke Jumpers Base	Douglas Fir *
World Forestry Center	Douglas Fir *
Washington Square	Sycamore *	6 May 1975
Sycamore Shoals State Park	Sycamore *	April 1976
Arnold Air Force Base	Loblolly Pine *	April 1976
Brazos County Arboretum	Sycamore *	21 March 1976
State Capitol Building	Douglas Fir *
Kings Dominion Amusement Park	Sycamore*	1976?
White House	Loblolly Pine *	19 January 1977
Forestry Sciences Lab	Sycamore*	18 October 1975